Psychotic Disorders

What is a Psychotic Disorder

Psychotic disorders are serious mental health conditions that affect how a person thinks, perceives, and relates to the world around them. They are characterized by a loss of contact with reality, which may include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, or unusual behaviors. While these symptoms can be distressing and disruptive, psychotic disorders are treatable, and many patients are able to lead meaningful and fulfilling lives with proper care. At Gotham Psychotherapy, treatment for psychotic disorders is grounded in compassion, evidence-based practice, and individualized support.

Types of Psychotic Disorders

Psychotic disorders involve disruptions in perception and thought that make it difficult for individuals to distinguish between what is real and what is not. These conditions often emerge in late adolescence or early adulthood but can occur at other stages of life. Common psychotic disorders include:

  • Schizophrenia – Persistent symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.

  • Schizoaffective Disorder – A combination of schizophrenia symptoms with mood disorder features such as depression or mania.

  • Brief Psychotic Disorder – A short-term psychotic episode, often triggered by stress or trauma.

  • Delusional Disorder – Ongoing, fixed false beliefs that are not in line with reality.

  • Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder – Psychosis resulting from drug or alcohol use or withdrawal.

Signs and Symptoms

Psychotic symptoms may appear suddenly or develop gradually, and they can vary in severity. Common signs include:

  • Hallucinations: Sensing things that are not present, such as hearing voices.

  • Delusions: Strongly held false beliefs that do not align with reality.

  • Disorganized Thinking: Difficulty organizing thoughts or following a conversation.

  • Unusual Behavior: Agitation, withdrawal, or movements that appear strange or inappropriate.

  • Cognitive Difficulties: Trouble with memory, concentration, or decision-making.

  • Emotional Changes: Flat affect, inappropriate emotions, or difficulty expressing feelings.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of psychotic disorders is not fully understood, but research suggests they develop through a combination of:

  • Genetics: A family history of psychotic disorders may increase risk.

  • Brain Chemistry: Imbalances in neurotransmitters such as dopamine and glutamate.

  • Environmental Factors: Trauma, stress, and adverse childhood experiences.

  • Substance Use: Drugs such as cannabis, stimulants, or hallucinogens can trigger or worsen symptoms.

  • Medical Conditions: Certain neurological or medical illnesses may contribute to psychosis.

Treatment for Psychotic Disorders

Effective treatment often involves a combination of therapy, medication, and support services. At Gotham Psychotherapy, treatment may include:

  • Individual Therapy: Using evidence-based approaches such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for psychosis (CBTp) to reduce distress and build coping skills.

  • Family Therapy: Educating and supporting family members to improve communication and reduce stress at home.

  • Medication Collaboration: Working closely with prescribers to manage symptoms with antipsychotic medication when appropriate.

  • Psychoeducation: Helping patients and families understand the disorder, treatment process, and recovery strategies.

  • Supportive Interventions: Building social, vocational, and daily living skills to improve quality of life.

With consistent care, many patients are able to manage symptoms, reduce relapse risk, and lead fulfilling lives. If you or someone you care about is struggling with symptoms of a psychotic disorder, early treatment can make a profound difference. The team at Gotham Psychotherapy is here to provide compassionate, evidence-based care tailored to individual needs.